Widespread vaccination efforts have led to the elimination of infectious diseases such as polio and measles in certain regions. However, eradication requires sustained and adaptable efforts to interrupt transmission in all populations and ensure pathogens are not reintroduced. To date, only one infectious disease that affects humans has been eradicated—smallpox. This session will explore various strategies used to control vaccine-preventable diseases, with the goal of elimination and, ultimately, eradication.